What are two characteristics of a depression?

Feeling sad or having a depressed mood. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed. Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting. Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.

Which 2 of the following are cognitive characteristics of depression?

Depression affects more than just emotion and mood. It can also change the way your brain functions. The potential cognitive changes from depression include executive dysfunction, impaired learning and memory, reduced attention and concentration, and lower processing speed.

What is the basic cause of depression?

No one knows exactly what causes it, but it can happen for a variety of reasons. Some people have depression during a serious medical illness. Others may have depression with life changes such as a move or the death of a loved one. Still others have a family history of depression.

What are 4 major causes of depression?

The four major causes of depression are:
  • Family history. Though there are no specific genes that we can look at and trace to depression, if your family members have had depression, you are more likely also to experience depression. …
  • Illness and health issues. …
  • Medication, drugs, and alcohol. …
  • Personality.

What is depression easy words?

Depression is a constant feeling of sadness and loss of interest, which stops you doing your normal activities. Different types of depression exist, with symptoms ranging from relatively minor to severe. Generally, depression does not result from a single event, but from a mix of events and factors.

What is depression in the brain?

Depression causes the hippocampus to raise its cortisol levels, impeding the development of neurons in your brain. The shrinkage of brain circuits is closely connected to the reduction of the affected part’s function. While other cerebral areas shrink due to high levels of cortisol, the amygdala enlarges.

What is the pathophysiology of depression?

The monoamine-deficiency theory posits that the underlying pathophysiological basis of depression is a depletion of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine in the central nervous system. Serotonin is the most extensively studied neurotransmitter in depression.

What is depression definition Wikipedia?

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. Classified medically as a mental and behavioral disorder, the experience of depression affects a person’s thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of well-being.

What is depression chemically?

The three neurotransmitters implicated in depression are: Dopamine. Norepinephrine. Serotonin.

What neurotransmitter causes depression?

Low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are also associated with various aspects of depression. When our bodies produce low levels of these neurotransmitters, our odds of experiencing symptoms of depression can increase.

What happens economic depression?

Economic depressions are characterized by their length, by abnormally large increases in unemployment, falls in the availability of credit (often due to some form of banking or financial crisis), shrinking output as buyers dry up and suppliers cut back on production and investment, more bankruptcies including sovereign …

Is my depression chemical?

The chemical imbalance theory suggests that depression results from changing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. The most common evidence used to support the chemical imbalance theory is the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

What hormone is lacking in depression?

Neurotransmitters in the brain — specifically serotonin, dopamine, or norepinephrine — affect feelings of happiness and pleasure and may be out of balance in people with depression. Antidepressants work to balance these neurotransmitters, mainly serotonin.

What is the role of dopamine in depression?

Dopamine plays a big role in motivation and reward. If you’ve ever worked hard to reach a goal, the satisfaction your feel when you achieve it is partly due to a rush of dopamine. Some of the main symptoms of depression include: low motivation.

How does serotonin cause depression?

The best evidence that serotonin plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression comes from studies of “tryptophan depletion”, where an acute dietary manipulation is employed to produce a transient lowering in brain serotonin activity through diminishing availability of its precursor amino acid, tryptophan.

What is the happy hormone?

Dopamine
The four, key happiness-boosting hormones include: Dopamine: Often called the “happy hormone,” dopamine results in feelings of well-being. A primary driver of the brain’s reward system, it spikes when we experience something pleasurable.

Can puberty cause depression?

Young people may experience higher risk of mental health issues with early puberty. Those most frequent in the teenage years include anxiety and depression, eating disorders, conduct disorder (serious antisocial behaviour), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self-harm.

What causes female estrogen?

What is estrogen? Estrogens are a group of hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women. They are also relationship hormones. The woman’s ovaries make most estrogen hormones, although the adrenal glands and fat cells also make small amounts of the hormones.

Is there a love hormone?

Also called the “love hormone,” oxytocin is a naturally occurring hormone and a neurotransmitter that is produced in the hypothalamus and transmitted into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland. The hormone is released during childbirth, relationship, and lactation to help reproductive functions.

Which hormone is responsible for sleep?

MelatoninMelatonin, released by the pineal gland , controls your sleep patterns.

What are the 5 happy hormones?

Serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphins are famously happy hormones that promote positive feelings like pleasure, happiness, and even love. Hormones and neurotransmitters are involved in lots of essential processes, like heart rate and digestion, but also your mood and feelings.

What hormones are released during a kiss?

OxytocinThe dopamine released during a kiss can stimulate the same area of the brain activated by heroin and cocaine. As a result, we experience feelings of euphoria and addictive behaviour. Oxytocin, otherwise known as the ‘love hormone’, fosters feelings of affection and attachment.