What are the 4 types of medulla?

In the Present Study medulla has been classified into Absent, Fragmented, Discontinuous and Continuous types (Photo attached).

How many types of medulla patterns are there?

Five different patterns of medulla are identified in forensic hair analysis.

What is the fragmented medulla?

fragmented medulla. A medulla pattern where the pattern is unevenly spaced. continuous medulla. A medulla pattern where the medulla line is unbroken.

What is an amorphous medulla?

The medulla, when present in human hairs, is amorphous in appearance, and the width is generally less than one-third the overall diameter of the hair shaft. The medulla in animal hairs is normally continuous and structured and generally occupies an area of greater than one-third the overall diameter of the hair shaft.

What kind of medulla do most humans have?

At the centre of the hair shaft is the medulla, which is also valuable for species identification. Animals’ medullary index (ratio of the medulla’s diameter relative to the shaft’s diameter) is greater than humans’. Humans have a medullary index of less than 1/3 while the medullary index of animals is greater than 1/3.

Which of the following are medulla patterns?

What is the main body of the hair shaft called? What are the three medullary patterns? Continuous, interrupted, and fragmented.

What kind of medulla does squirrel hair have?

Medulla: Continuous and appearing in rows of three to four cells across the width of the medulla that are bubble-like, wider than tall, and connected at the farthest ends. The average width of the cells is 25 microns, and the length is 7.5 microns.

What is the medulla index?

Medullary Index

Determined by measuring the diameter of the medulla and dividing it by the diameter of the hair. Medullary index for human hair is generally less than 1/3. For animal hair, it is usually greater than 1/2.

What type of medulla does a cat have?

Cat hair tends to have a relatively wide medulla at mid-shaft but begins in the classic “wine goblet” form near the root and is uniserial in the fleece but becomes more complex in the guard hairs. The pigment bodies are in the cortex.

What type of medulla do chinchillas have?

Characteristic Features: Chinchilla hair is about 10 to 15 micrometers wide from the root (narrow) to near the tip (wide). It begins with a uniserial ladder medulla which changes to biserial or aeroform in the thicker regions.

What type of cuticle does horse hair have?

… The cortex contains keratin fibers and pigment granules which are responsible for the coloration of the hair. The cuticle, the outermost layer, consists of overlapping keratin scales (Deedrick & Koch 2004a) . Two main patterns of cuticle scales are: (i) imbricate, and (ii) coronal. …

What is the outer layer of the hair shaft called?

cuticle
Each hair shaft is made up of two or three layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and sometimes the medulla. The cuticle is the outermost layer.

What type of cuticle does a bear have?

The cuticle pattern is imbricate flattened and has a scale count of about 8 per 100 micrometers. Brown bear hair has a refractive index along its length of about 1.56 and perpendicular to its length of about 1.55.

What type of medulla is horse hair?

fragmental
However, Gharu and Trivedi (2015), showed that the hair medulla in equine is fragmental. The hair scales in sheep are imbricate, smooth, irregular mosaic and wide-distant; the medulla is fragmental.

What is one difference between the medulla in human hair and the medulla in animal hair?

difference between human and animal hair. – Medulla in a human is smaller (medullary index of less than one-third); and medulla in animals is very thick (medullary index of one-half or greater). – Cuticle in humans is imbricated; and the cuticle in animals is coronal or spinous.

What type of medulla does a deer have?

lattice type medulla
It has a lattice type medulla that nearly fills the hair. The cuticle pattern is imbricate flattened to broadly acuminate and has a scale count of about 3 to 7 per 100 micrometers depending on the scale pattern.

Does dog hair have a medulla?

The hair cuticle scales in dog is imbricate, smooth, petal and wide-distant, and the medulla is continuous occupying approximately half of the hair shaft; this is different from the vacuolated structure of the hair medulla described by Mukherjee et al.

What kind of medulla does a rabbit have?

In felids, the medulla is wide and typically vacuolated. The vacuoles are various sizes and the shape of a spindle, or football. The medulla in rabbits practically fills the shaft. The medulla has the form of a multiserial ladder, meaning that it looks like several wavy ladders side-by-side.

Does mouse hair have a medulla?

Though these are similar morphological features, the scale pattern provides distinguishing characteristics between animal and human hairs. … The medullary cavity index in all the animals investigated in this study was one half or greater except for the female fancy mouse where it was lee than half (0.32).

How does the medulla differ among different species?

To identify different species of hair, it is necessary to look at the medulla pattern to determine the origin of the hair. The medulla pattern in human hair is fragmented or absent (except for the Mongoloid race), while in animals their medulla is continuous or interrupted (in a pattern).

How do scientists know if hair has been dyed?

Scientists develop modern analytical techniques as a tool for advancing forensic investigations. … In a recent study, scientists have combined two modern techniques, called surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence, to distinguish between different colors in individual hair strands.