Which of the properties of DNA make it possible to carry an enormous amount of hereditary information?

The nitrogen base are the rungs of the ladder And each side of the ladder is a separate strand of DNA and they are joined together in the middle by those nitrogen bases in DNA there are four possible nitrogen bases. … That allowed DNA to carry all of the genetic material.

What happens when a DNA molecule is copied?

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Once the DNA in a cell is replicated, the cell can divide into two cells, each of which has an identical copy of the original DNA. …

Why does the DNA double helix have a uniform diameter?

The diameter of the DNA double helix is uniform throughout because a purine (two rings) always pairs with a pyrimidine (one ring) and their combined lengths are always equal. (Figure 9.4).

Why does a new DNA strand elongates only in the 5 to 3 direction in replication?

Why does a new DNA strand elongate only in the 5’to 3′ direction during DNA replication? The polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3′ en Replication must progress toward the replication fork: DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3′ end.

How does the DNA molecule split during replication?

The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. First, a so-called initiator protein unwinds a short stretch of the DNA double helix. Then, a protein known as helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands, thereby pulling apart the two strands.

When and where does DNA replication happen?

Lesson Summary. DNA replication is the process of creating two identical daughter strands of DNA. DNA replication occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells. DNA replication occurs in S phase during the cell cycle prior to cell division.

Why does a new DNA strand elongates only in the 5 to 3 direction quizlet?

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5′ to 3′ direction because? DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3′ end.

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA are synthesized?

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized? DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3′ end of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel. What is the function of the enzyme topoisomerase in DNA replication?

Why all growing strands are synthesized in a 5’5 to 3 3 direction?

DNA is always synthesized in the 5′-to-3′ direction, meaning that nucleotides are added only to the 3′ end of the growing strand. … (B) During DNA replication, the 3′-OH group of the last nucleotide on the new strand attacks the 5′-phosphate group of the incoming dNTP. Two phosphates are cleaved off.

How do the leading and the lagging strands differ?

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction. … The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

What is the difference between the leading and lagging strand of DNA?

The leading strand of DNA undergoes complementary base pairing smoothly as it runs in the direction from 5prime to 3prime, the same as the direction in which DNA Polymerase III works. However, the lagging strand runs in the opposite direction, from 3prime to 5prime.

Why does the DNA have to add nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction quizlet?

DNA replication only occurs in the 5′ to 3′ direction because DNA polymerase requires a free 3′ hydroxyl group to attach the new nucleotide to. DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides twisted together. Each nucleotide is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

What is the major difference between the lagging and leading strand Mcq?

In unidirectional replication only one replication fork is formed.
…
LEADING STRAND LAGGING STRAND
Leading strand is formed without gaps a lagging strand is formed by the okazaki fragments.
Leading strand does not involve any activity of DNA ligase for its formation. lagging strand is formed by the activity of ligase

Why is the lagging strand slower than the leading strand?

DNA replication is slower on the lagging strand than on the leading strand because upon initiation the leading strand has an RNA primer added so the synthesis of the new DNA can be continuous in the direction of the replication fork and only needs to be ligated when it encounters another replication fork.

Why does DNA have A 5 ‘-> 3 structure?

5′ – 3′ direction refers to the orientation of nucleotides of a single strand of DNA or RNA. The 5′ and 3′ specifically refer to the 5th and 3rd carbon atoms in the deoxyribose/ribose sugar ring. … This linkage provides the sugar-phosphate backbone that gives DNA its structural rigidity.

Why does the DNA have to add nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction?

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the deoxyribose (3′) ended strand in a 5′ to 3′ direction. … Nucleotides cannot be added to the phosphate (5′) end because DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction. The lagging strand is therefore synthesised in fragments.

Which of the following adds new nucleotides to A growing DNA chain?

One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the enzyme DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

How can you identify the 5 and 3 ends of DNA?

Why is the 3/5 strand called the lagging strand?

Leading Strand and Lagging Strand

This is the parent strand of DNA which runs in the 3′ to 5′ direction toward the fork, and it’s replicated continuously by DNA polymerase because DNA polymerase builds a strand that runs antiparallel to it in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The other strand is called the lagging strand.

What are the differences between the 5 and 3 ends of a DNA strand and what is the significance of these differences for DNA replication?

Each end of DNA molecule has a number. One end is referred to as 5′ (five prime) and the other end is referred to as 3′ (three prime). The 5′ and 3′ designations refer to the number of carbon atom in a deoxyribose sugar molecule to which a phosphate group bonds.