Who discovered Arabidopsis thaliana?

Although Friedrich Laibach (1885–1967) proposed using Arabidopsis as a genetic model organism almost 75 yr ago, it was not until the 1980s after intense discussions among early Arabidopsis proponents that it was widely adopted as such (Laibach, 1943; Meyerowitz, 2001, which lists these Arabidopsis pioneers).

Where did Arabidopsis thaliana originate?

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh is an annual weed belonging to the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). The species is native to Europe and Central Asia, but is now widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere ranging from 68°N (northern Scandinavia) to Equator (mountains of Tanzania and Kenya) [1].

When did Arabidopsis become a model organism?

1985: First promoted as model for molecular genetics. 1984: Genome size and complexity characterized . 1983: First detailed genetic map published. 1980: Expanded interest in use of Arabidopsis to study plant biochemistry, physiology, and development.

When was Arabidopsis thaliana sequenced?

To support these activities, an international collaboration (the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, AGI) began sequencing the genome in 1996.

Can you eat Arabidopsis thaliana?

Like many species in the Brassicaceae, A. thaliana are edible by humans, and can be used similarly to other mustard greens, in salads or sautéed, but its use as an edible spring green is not widely noted.

What preys on Arabidopsis thaliana?

A cabbage looper munches the leaves of an Arabidopsis plant. To deter such predators, plants have evolved specialized metabolites as a defense mechanism, but the complexity of the factors driving the development of these metabolites has historically not been well understood – until now.

In which year was the rice genome decoded?

The public rice genome, which took advantage of whole genome shotgun sequenced genomes made available from Monsanto in 2000 and Syngenta in 2002 (Goff et al. 2002), was published in 2006 (International Rice Genome Sequencing P 2005) after which the arduous task of annotation took place.

Why Arabidopsis thaliana is used as a model?

Arabidopsis was originally adopted as a model organism because of its usefulness for genetic experiments. Important features included a short generation time, small size that limited the requirement for growth facilities, and prolific seed production through self-pollination.

Why is Arabidopsis used in research?

What’s more, Arabidopsis is easy and inexpensive to grow, and produces many seeds; this allows extensive genetic experiments, often involving tens of thousands of plants. Also, Arabidopsis has a comparatively small genome, thereby simplifying and facilitating genetic analysis.

When was the first full genome sequenced?

1977. Frederick Sanger develops a DNA sequencing technique which he and his team use to sequence the first full genome – that of a virus called phiX174.

How many genes does rice have in its genome?

On the evidence so far, Syngenta reckon rice has about 40,000 genes. The BGI group plump for around 50,000. “I was surprised at how similar they came out,” says Goff. That means rice probably has more genes than we do, despite having only one-seventh as much DNA.

What was the first plant to have its genome sequenced?

Arabidopsis thaliana
What was the first plant to have its genome sequenced? The first plant to be sequenced was Arabidopsis thaliana, a wild member of the mustard family. Known as the lab rat of the plant world, Arabidopsis is considered the species for investigating plant genetics.

When was the genome discovered?

In 1977, Frederick Sanger developed a sequencing technique for DNA to sequence the first complete genome, called phiX174 virus, which opened the doorway to the possibility in the field of genomics.

When was DNA decoded?

1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick discover the double helix structure of DNA.

When was DNA first mapped?

1987: First Human Genetic Map. The first comprehensive genetic map of human chromosomes was based on 400 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which are variations in DNA sequence that can be observed by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes.

Who started genomics?

“The US side of the Human Genome Project was initially led by James Watson. The US side of the Human Genome Project was initially led by James Watson (one half of Crick and Watson, who discovered the structure of DNA?), and later by Francis Collins.

Who mapped the genome?

Sequencing Human Genome: the Contributions of Francis Collins and Craig Venter. How did it become possible to sequence the 3 billion base pairs in the human genome? More than a quarter of a century’s worth of work from hundreds of scientists made such projects possible.

Who invented genomics?

While the word genome (from the German Genom, attributed to Hans Winkler) was in use in English as early as 1926, the term genomics was coined by Tom Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine), over pint at a meeting held in Maryland on the mapping of the human genome in 1986.

When was the first Human Genome Project?

1990
The Human Genome Project (HGP) refers to the international 13-year effort, formally begun in October 1990 and completed in 2003, to discover all the estimated 20,000-25,000 human genes and make them accessible for further biological study.

Who discovered DNA mapping?

When Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their discovery, it was shared with Wilkins (Franklin had died a few years earlier). Once Watson and Crick announced their discovery, work continued to further define and map the genes that make up human DNA. Ten years ago, the Human Genome Project was completed.

How did Craig Venter speed up the human genome project?

Venter continued EST work at TIGR, but also began thinking about sequencing entire genomes. Again, he came up with a quicker and faster method: whole genome shotgun sequencing. He applied for an NIH grant to use the method on Hemophilus influenzae, but started the project before the funding decision was returned.

Who launched the human genome project in 1990?

The $3 billion project was formally founded in 1990 by the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, and was expected to take 15 years.