What is edema and its types?

Edema is swelling that occurs when too much fluid is trapped in the tissues of the body, particularly the skin. There are different causes and types of edema. For example, pulmonary edema affects the lungs, while pedal edema causes swelling in the feet. Edema usually starts slowly, but onset can be sudden.

What are the 4 grades of edema?

Edema scale
Grade Depth Rebound time
1 2 millimeter (mm) depression, or barely visible immediate
2 3-4 mm depression, or a slight indentation 15 seconds or less
3 5-6 mm depression 10-30 seconds
4 8 mm depression, or a very deep indentation more than 20 seconds

What is Level 3 edema?

This is the least severe type of pitting edema. Grade 2: The pressure leaves an indentation of 3–4 mm that rebounds in fewer than 15 seconds. Grade 3: The pressure leaves an indentation of 5–6 mm that takes up to 30 seconds to rebound. Grade 4: The pressure leaves an indentation of 8 mm or deeper.

What are two causes of edema?

Edema occurs when tiny blood vessels in your body (capillaries) leak fluid.
…
Several diseases and conditions may cause edema, including:
  • Congestive heart failure. …
  • Cirrhosis. …
  • Kidney disease. …
  • Kidney damage. …
  • Weakness or damage to veins in your legs. …
  • Inadequate lymphatic system. …
  • Severe, long-term protein deficiency.

What are the three main causes of edema?

Some of the most common causes of edema are:
  1. Long periods of standing or sitting. Sitting or standing for too long can cause extra fluid to build up in your feet, ankles, and lower legs. …
  2. Venous insufficiency. …
  3. Chronic (long-term) lung diseases. …
  4. Congestive heart failure. …
  5. Pregnancy. …
  6. Low levels of protein.

What does 1+ pitting edema mean?

A grading system is often used to determine the severity of the edema on a scale from +1 to +4. It is assessed by applying pressure on the affected area and then measuring the depth of the pit (depression) and how long it lasts (rebound time). Grade +1: up to 2mm of depression, rebounding immediately.

What is peripheral edema?

Leg swelling caused by the retention of fluid in leg tissues is known as peripheral edema. It can be caused by a problem with the venous circulation system, the lymphatic system or the kidneys.

What are the four causes of edema?

An allergic reaction, severe inflammation, burns, trauma, clot(s), or poor nutrition can also cause edema. Too much salt from your diet can make edema worse. Being enceinte can cause edema in the legs as the uterus puts pressure on the blood vessels in the lower trunk of the body.

What is the cure for edema?

Mild edema usually goes away on its own, particularly if you help things along by raising the affected limb higher than your heart. More-severe edema may be treated with drugs that help your body expel excess fluid in the form of urine (diuretics). One of the most common diuretics is furosemide (Lasix).

What is Oedema vs edema?

What is oedema? Oedema (spelt “edema” in some countries) is swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in a part of the body. It is often accompanied by inflammation. Oedema usually affects the feet, ankles and legs, although it can occur anywhere in the body.

Is edema an inflammation?

“Edema” is the medical term for swelling. Body parts swell from injury or inflammation. It can affect a small area or the entire body. Medications, pregnancy, infections, and many other medical problems can cause edema.

What are the dangers of edema?

If left untreated, edema can lead to increasingly painful swelling, stiffness, difficulty walking, stretched or itchy skin, skin ulcers, scarring, and decreased blood circulation.

What is weeping edema?

The swelling is obvious, and the skin may look shiny and stretched. Sometimes, swelling is so extreme that a person has difficulty moving. Swelling can become so severe that fluid will leak out directly from the skin. This is known as weeping edema. Pitting edema may also develop.

What is localized edema?

Definition: A disorder characterized by swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation at a specific anatomic site.

Which of the following promotes edema?

increased hydrostatic pressure; reduced colloidal or oncotic pressure within blood vessels; increased tissue colloidal or oncotic pressure; increased blood vessel wall permeability (e.g., inflammation);

What is anasarca and ascites?

Anasarca is a medical condition that leads to general swelling of the whole body. It happens when your body tissues retain too much fluid due to several reasons. It differs from other types of edema that affect one or two parts of the body. The condition is also known as extreme generalized edema or massive edema.

What is bipedal edema?

Pedal edema is the accumulation of fluid in the feet and lower legs. It is typically caused by one of two mechanisms. The first is venous edema, caused by increased capillary filtration and retention of protein-poor fluid from the venous system into the interstitial space.

What causes anasarca?

The most common causes of anasarca seen by the clinician are heart failure, cirrhosis, renal failure, and pregnancy. Other causes of anasarca are venous obstruction, burns, trauma, malignancy etc.

What is non pitting edema?

Doctors usually classify edema as either pitting or non-pitting. If you press a swollen area with your finger and it doesn’t cause an indentation in the skin, it’s considered non-pitting edema.

What is the difference between edema and anasarca?

Most cases of edema affect 1 or 2 areas of the body (for example, one or both lower extremities). Anasarca affects the whole body and is more extreme than regular edema. With anasarca, a person’s whole body — from their head to their feet — will appear very swollen.

What is heat edema?

It is not uncommon for the feet or hands to become swollen when a person sits or stands for a long time in a hot environment. This swelling is called heat edema. Heat causes the blood vessels to expand (dilate), so body fluid moves into the hands or legs by gravity.

What is hard edema called?

When it is extremely difficult for lymph fluid to drain as it should, it is often due to a blockage. This condition is called lymphedema. Some people are born with this condition while others develop it.

What is Pretibial edema?

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) or, more appropriately, thyroid dermopathy, is a term used to describe localized lesions of the skin resulting from the deposition of hyaluronic acid, usually as a component of thyroid disease.